neoboot/NeoBoot/ubi_reader_mips/argparse_neo.py

__version__ = "1.1"
__all__ = [
    "ArgumentParser",
    "ArgumentError",
    "ArgumentTypeError",
    "FileType",
    "HelpFormatter",
    "ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter",
    "RawDescriptionHelpFormatter",
    "RawTextHelpFormatter",
    "Namespace",
    "Action",
    "ONE_OR_MORE",
    "OPTIONAL",
    "PARSER",
    "REMAINDER",
    "SUPPRESS",
    "ZERO_OR_MORE",
]
import collections as _collections
import copy as _copy
import os as _os
import re as _re
import sys as _sys
import textwrap as _textwrap
from gettext import gettext as _


def _callable(obj):
    return hasattr(obj, "__call__") or hasattr(obj, "__bases__")


SUPPRESS = "==SUPPRESS=="
OPTIONAL = "?"
ZERO_OR_MORE = "*"
ONE_OR_MORE = "+"
PARSER = "A..."
REMAINDER = "..."
_UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR = "_unrecognized_args"


class _AttributeHolder(object):

    def __repr__(self):
        type_name = type(self).__name__
        arg_strings = []
        for arg in self._get_args():
            arg_strings.append(repr(arg))

        for name, value in self._get_kwargs():
            arg_strings.append("%s=%r" % (name, value))

        return "%s(%s)" % (type_name, ", ".join(arg_strings))

    def _get_kwargs(self):
        return sorted(self.__dict__.items())

    def _get_args(self):
        return []


def _ensure_value(namespace, name, value):
    if getattr(namespace, name, None) is None:
        setattr(namespace, name, value)
    return getattr(namespace, name)


class HelpFormatter(object):

    def __init__(
            self,
            prog,
            indent_increment=2,
            max_help_position=24,
            width=None):
        if width is None:
            try:
                width = int(_os.environ["COLUMNS"])
            except (KeyError, ValueError):
                width = 80

            width -= 2
        self._prog = prog
        self._indent_increment = indent_increment
        self._max_help_position = max_help_position
        self._width = width
        self._current_indent = 0
        self._level = 0
        self._action_max_length = 0
        self._root_section = self._Section(self, None)
        self._current_section = self._root_section
        self._whitespace_matcher = _re.compile("\\s+")
        self._long_break_matcher = _re.compile("\\n\\n\\n+")
        return

    def _indent(self):
        self._current_indent += self._indent_increment
        self._level += 1

    def _dedent(self):
        self._current_indent -= self._indent_increment
        self._level -= 1

    class _Section(object):

        def __init__(self, formatter, parent, heading=None):
            self.formatter = formatter
            self.parent = parent
            self.heading = heading
            self.items = []

        def format_help(self):
            if self.parent is not None:
                self.formatter._indent()
            join = self.formatter._join_parts
            for func, args in self.items:
                func(*args)

            item_help = join([func(*args) for func, args in self.items])
            if self.parent is not None:
                self.formatter._dedent()
            if not item_help:
                return ""
            else:
                if self.heading is not SUPPRESS and self.heading is not None:
                    current_indent = self.formatter._current_indent
                    heading = "%*s%s:\n" % (current_indent, "", self.heading)
                else:
                    heading = ""
                return join(["\n", heading, item_help, "\n"])
                return

    def _add_item(self, func, args):
        self._current_section.items.append((func, args))

    def start_section(self, heading):
        self._indent()
        section = self._Section(self, self._current_section, heading)
        self._add_item(section.format_help, [])
        self._current_section = section

    def end_section(self):
        self._current_section = self._current_section.parent
        self._dedent()

    def add_text(self, text):
        if text is not SUPPRESS and text is not None:
            self._add_item(self._format_text, [text])
        return

    def add_usage(self, usage, actions, groups, prefix=None):
        if usage is not SUPPRESS:
            args = (usage, actions, groups, prefix)
            self._add_item(self._format_usage, args)

    def add_argument(self, action):
        if action.help is not SUPPRESS:
            get_invocation = self._format_action_invocation
            invocations = [get_invocation(action)]
            for subaction in self._iter_indented_subactions(action):
                invocations.append(get_invocation(subaction))

            invocation_length = max([len(s) for s in invocations])
            action_length = invocation_length + self._current_indent
            self._action_max_length = max(
                self._action_max_length, action_length)
            self._add_item(self._format_action, [action])

    def add_arguments(self, actions):
        for action in actions:
            self.add_argument(action)

    def format_help(self):
        help = self._root_section.format_help()
        if help:
            help = self._long_break_matcher.sub("\n\n", help)
            help = help.strip("\n") + "\n"
        return help

    def _join_parts(self, part_strings):
        return "".join(
            [part for part in part_strings if part and part is not SUPPRESS])

    def _format_usage(self, usage, actions, groups, prefix):
        if prefix is None:
            prefix = _("usage: ")
        if usage is not None:
            usage = usage % dict(prog=self._prog)
        elif usage is None and not actions:
            usage = "%(prog)s" % dict(prog=self._prog)
        elif usage is None:
            prog = "%(prog)s" % dict(prog=self._prog)
            optionals = []
            positionals = []
            for action in actions:
                if action.option_strings:
                    optionals.append(action)
                else:
                    positionals.append(action)

            format = self._format_actions_usage
            action_usage = format(optionals + positionals, groups)
            usage = " ".join([s for s in [prog, action_usage] if s])
            text_width = self._width - self._current_indent
            if len(prefix) + len(usage) > text_width:
                part_regexp = "\\(.*?\\)+|\\[.*?\\]+|\\S+"
                opt_usage = format(optionals, groups)
                pos_usage = format(positionals, groups)
                opt_parts = _re.findall(part_regexp, opt_usage)
                pos_parts = _re.findall(part_regexp, pos_usage)

                def get_lines(parts, indent, prefix=None):
                    lines = []
                    line = []
                    if prefix is not None:
                        line_len = len(prefix) - 1
                    else:
                        line_len = len(indent) - 1
                    for part in parts:
                        if line_len + 1 + len(part) > text_width:
                            lines.append(indent + " ".join(line))
                            line = []
                            line_len = len(indent) - 1
                        line.append(part)
                        line_len += len(part) + 1

                    if line:
                        lines.append(indent + " ".join(line))
                    if prefix is not None:
                        lines[0] = lines[0][len(indent):]
                    return lines

                if len(prefix) + len(prog) <= 0.75 * text_width:
                    indent = " " * (len(prefix) + len(prog) + 1)
                    if opt_parts:
                        lines = get_lines([prog] + opt_parts, indent, prefix)
                        lines.extend(get_lines(pos_parts, indent))
                    elif pos_parts:
                        lines = get_lines([prog] + pos_parts, indent, prefix)
                    else:
                        lines = [prog]
                else:
                    indent = " " * len(prefix)
                    parts = opt_parts + pos_parts
                    lines = get_lines(parts, indent)
                    if len(lines) > 1:
                        lines = []
                        lines.extend(get_lines(opt_parts, indent))
                        lines.extend(get_lines(pos_parts, indent))
                    lines = [prog] + lines
                usage = "\n".join(lines)
        return "%s%s\n\n" % (prefix, usage)

    def _format_actions_usage(self, actions, groups):
        group_actions = set()
        inserts = {}
        for group in groups:
            try:
                start = actions.index(group._group_actions[0])
            except ValueError:
                continue
            else:
                end = start + len(group._group_actions)
                if actions[start:end] == group._group_actions:
                    for action in group._group_actions:
                        group_actions.add(action)

                    if not group.required:
                        if start in inserts:
                            inserts[start] += " ["
                        else:
                            inserts[start] = "["
                        inserts[end] = "]"
                    else:
                        if start in inserts:
                            inserts[start] += " ("
                        else:
                            inserts[start] = "("
                        inserts[end] = ")"
                    for i in range(start + 1, end):
                        inserts[i] = "|"

        parts = []
        for i, action in enumerate(actions):
            if action.help is SUPPRESS:
                parts.append(None)
                if inserts.get(i) == "|":
                    inserts.pop(i)
                elif inserts.get(i + 1) == "|":
                    inserts.pop(i + 1)
            elif not action.option_strings:
                part = self._format_args(action, action.dest)
                if action in group_actions:
                    if part[0] == "[" and part[-1] == "]":
                        part = part[1:-1]
                parts.append(part)
            else:
                option_string = action.option_strings[0]
                if action.nargs == 0:
                    part = "%s" % option_string
                else:
                    default = action.dest.upper()
                    args_string = self._format_args(action, default)
                    part = "%s %s" % (option_string, args_string)
                if not action.required and action not in group_actions:
                    part = "[%s]" % part
                parts.append(part)

        for i in sorted(inserts, reverse=True):
            parts[i:i] = [inserts[i]]

        text = " ".join([item for item in parts if item is not None])
        open = "[\\[(]"
        close = "[\\])]"
        text = _re.sub("(%s) " % open, "\\1", text)
        text = _re.sub(" (%s)" % close, "\\1", text)
        text = _re.sub("%s *%s" % (open, close), "", text)
        text = _re.sub("\\(([^|]*)\\)", "\\1", text)
        text = text.strip()
        return text

    def _format_text(self, text):
        if "%(prog)" in text:
            text = text % dict(prog=self._prog)
        text_width = self._width - self._current_indent
        indent = " " * self._current_indent
        return self._fill_text(text, text_width, indent) + "\n\n"

    def _format_action(self, action):
        help_position = min(
            self._action_max_length + 2,
            self._max_help_position)
        help_width = self._width - help_position
        action_width = help_position - self._current_indent - 2
        action_header = self._format_action_invocation(action)
        if not action.help:
            tup = (self._current_indent, "", action_header)
            action_header = "%*s%s\n" % tup
        elif len(action_header) <= action_width:
            tup = (self._current_indent, "", action_width, action_header)
            action_header = "%*s%-*s  " % tup
            indent_first = 0
        else:
            tup = (self._current_indent, "", action_header)
            action_header = "%*s%s\n" % tup
            indent_first = help_position
        parts = [action_header]
        if action.help:
            help_text = self._expand_help(action)
            help_lines = self._split_lines(help_text, help_width)
            parts.append("%*s%s\n" % (indent_first, "", help_lines[0]))
            for line in help_lines[1:]:
                parts.append("%*s%s\n" % (help_position, "", line))

        elif not action_header.endswith("\n"):
            parts.append("\n")
        for subaction in self._iter_indented_subactions(action):
            parts.append(self._format_action(subaction))

        return self._join_parts(parts)

    def _format_action_invocation(self, action):
        if not action.option_strings:
            (metavar,) = self._metavar_formatter(action, action.dest)(1)
            return metavar
        else:
            parts = []
            if action.nargs == 0:
                parts.extend(action.option_strings)
            else:
                default = action.dest.upper()
                args_string = self._format_args(action, default)
                for option_string in action.option_strings:
                    parts.append("%s %s" % (option_string, args_string))

            return ", ".join(parts)

    def _metavar_formatter(self, action, default_metavar):
        if action.metavar is not None:
            result = action.metavar
        elif action.choices is not None:
            choice_strs = [str(choice) for choice in action.choices]
            result = "{%s}" % ",".join(choice_strs)
        else:
            result = default_metavar

        def format(tuple_size):
            if isinstance(result, tuple):
                return result
            else:
                return (result,) * tuple_size

        return format

    def _format_args(self, action, default_metavar):
        get_metavar = self._metavar_formatter(action, default_metavar)
        if action.nargs is None:
            result = "%s" % get_metavar(1)
        elif action.nargs == OPTIONAL:
            result = "[%s]" % get_metavar(1)
        elif action.nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE:
            result = "[%s [%s ...]]" % get_metavar(2)
        elif action.nargs == ONE_OR_MORE:
            result = "%s [%s ...]" % get_metavar(2)
        elif action.nargs == REMAINDER:
            result = "..."
        elif action.nargs == PARSER:
            result = "%s ..." % get_metavar(1)
        else:
            formats = ["%s" for _ in range(action.nargs)]
            result = " ".join(formats) % get_metavar(action.nargs)
        return result

    def _expand_help(self, action):
        params = dict(vars(action), prog=self._prog)
        for name in list(params):
            if params[name] is SUPPRESS:
                del params[name]

        for name in list(params):
            if hasattr(params[name], "__name__"):
                params[name] = params[name].__name__

        if params.get("choices") is not None:
            choices_str = ", ".join([str(c) for c in params["choices"]])
            params["choices"] = choices_str
        return self._get_help_string(action) % params

    def _iter_indented_subactions(self, action):
        try:
            get_subactions = action._get_subactions
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        else:
            self._indent()
            for subaction in get_subactions():
                yield subaction

            self._dedent()

    def _split_lines(self, text, width):
        text = self._whitespace_matcher.sub(" ", text).strip()
        return _textwrap.wrap(text, width)

    def _fill_text(self, text, width, indent):
        text = self._whitespace_matcher.sub(" ", text).strip()
        return _textwrap.fill(
            text, width, initial_indent=indent, subsequent_indent=indent
        )

    def _get_help_string(self, action):
        return action.help


class RawDescriptionHelpFormatter(HelpFormatter):

    def _fill_text(self, text, width, indent):
        return "".join([indent + line for line in text.splitlines(True)])


class RawTextHelpFormatter(RawDescriptionHelpFormatter):

    def _split_lines(self, text, width):
        return text.splitlines()


class ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter(HelpFormatter):

    def _get_help_string(self, action):
        help = action.help
        if "%(default)" not in action.help:
            if action.default is not SUPPRESS:
                defaulting_nargs = [OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE]
                if action.option_strings or action.nargs in defaulting_nargs:
                    help += " (default: %(default)s)"
        return help


def _get_action_name(argument):
    if argument is None:
        return
    elif argument.option_strings:
        return "/".join(argument.option_strings)
    elif argument.metavar not in (None, SUPPRESS):
        return argument.metavar
    elif argument.dest not in (None, SUPPRESS):
        return argument.dest
    else:
        return
        return


class ArgumentError(Exception):

    def __init__(self, argument, message):
        self.argument_name = _get_action_name(argument)
        self.message = message

    def __str__(self):
        if self.argument_name is None:
            format = "%(message)s"
        else:
            format = "argument %(argument_name)s: %(message)s"
        return format % dict(
            message=self.message,
            argument_name=self.argument_name)


class ArgumentTypeError(Exception):
    pass


class Action(_AttributeHolder):

    def __init__(
        self,
        option_strings,
        dest,
        nargs=None,
        const=None,
        default=None,
        type=None,
        choices=None,
        required=False,
        help=None,
        metavar=None,
    ):
        self.option_strings = option_strings
        self.dest = dest
        self.nargs = nargs
        self.const = const
        self.default = default
        self.type = type
        self.choices = choices
        self.required = required
        self.help = help
        self.metavar = metavar

    def _get_kwargs(self):
        names = [
            "option_strings",
            "dest",
            "nargs",
            "const",
            "default",
            "type",
            "choices",
            "help",
            "metavar",
        ]
        return [(name, getattr(self, name)) for name in names]

    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
        raise NotImplementedError(_(".__call__() not defined"))


class _StoreAction(Action):

    def __init__(
        self,
        option_strings,
        dest,
        nargs=None,
        const=None,
        default=None,
        type=None,
        choices=None,
        required=False,
        help=None,
        metavar=None,
    ):
        if nargs == 0:
            raise ValueError(
                "nargs for store actions must be > 0; if you have nothing to store, actions such as store true or store const may be more appropriate"
            )
        if const is not None and nargs != OPTIONAL:
            raise ValueError("nargs must be %r to supply const" % OPTIONAL)
        super(_StoreAction, self).__init__(
            option_strings=option_strings,
            dest=dest,
            nargs=nargs,
            const=const,
            default=default,
            type=type,
            choices=choices,
            required=required,
            help=help,
            metavar=metavar,
        )
        return

    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
        setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)


class _StoreConstAction(Action):

    def __init__(
        self,
        option_strings,
        dest,
        const,
        default=None,
        required=False,
        help=None,
        metavar=None,
    ):
        super(_StoreConstAction, self).__init__(
            option_strings=option_strings,
            dest=dest,
            nargs=0,
            const=const,
            default=default,
            required=required,
            help=help,
        )

    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
        setattr(namespace, self.dest, self.const)


class _StoreTrueAction(_StoreConstAction):

    def __init__(
            self,
            option_strings,
            dest,
            default=False,
            required=False,
            help=None):
        super(_StoreTrueAction, self).__init__(
            option_strings=option_strings,
            dest=dest,
            const=True,
            default=default,
            required=required,
            help=help,
        )


class _StoreFalseAction(_StoreConstAction):

    def __init__(
            self,
            option_strings,
            dest,
            default=True,
            required=False,
            help=None):
        super(_StoreFalseAction, self).__init__(
            option_strings=option_strings,
            dest=dest,
            const=False,
            default=default,
            required=required,
            help=help,
        )


class _AppendAction(Action):

    def __init__(
        self,
        option_strings,
        dest,
        nargs=None,
        const=None,
        default=None,
        type=None,
        choices=None,
        required=False,
        help=None,
        metavar=None,
    ):
        if nargs == 0:
            raise ValueError(
                "nargs for append actions must be > 0; if arg strings are not supplying the value to append, the append const action may be more appropriate"
            )
        if const is not None and nargs != OPTIONAL:
            raise ValueError("nargs must be %r to supply const" % OPTIONAL)
        super(_AppendAction, self).__init__(
            option_strings=option_strings,
            dest=dest,
            nargs=nargs,
            const=const,
            default=default,
            type=type,
            choices=choices,
            required=required,
            help=help,
            metavar=metavar,
        )
        return

    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
        items = _copy.copy(_ensure_value(namespace, self.dest, []))
        items.append(values)
        setattr(namespace, self.dest, items)


class _AppendConstAction(Action):

    def __init__(
        self,
        option_strings,
        dest,
        const,
        default=None,
        required=False,
        help=None,
        metavar=None,
    ):
        super(_AppendConstAction, self).__init__(
            option_strings=option_strings,
            dest=dest,
            nargs=0,
            const=const,
            default=default,
            required=required,
            help=help,
            metavar=metavar,
        )

    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
        items = _copy.copy(_ensure_value(namespace, self.dest, []))
        items.append(self.const)
        setattr(namespace, self.dest, items)


class _CountAction(Action):

    def __init__(
            self,
            option_strings,
            dest,
            default=None,
            required=False,
            help=None):
        super(_CountAction, self).__init__(
            option_strings=option_strings,
            dest=dest,
            nargs=0,
            default=default,
            required=required,
            help=help,
        )

    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
        new_count = _ensure_value(namespace, self.dest, 0) + 1
        setattr(namespace, self.dest, new_count)


class _HelpAction(Action):

    def __init__(
            self,
            option_strings,
            dest=SUPPRESS,
            default=SUPPRESS,
            help=None):
        super(_HelpAction, self).__init__(
            option_strings=option_strings,
            dest=dest,
            default=default,
            nargs=0,
            help=help,
        )

    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
        parser.print_help()
        parser.exit()


class _VersionAction(Action):

    def __init__(
        self,
        option_strings,
        version=None,
        dest=SUPPRESS,
        default=SUPPRESS,
        help="show program's version number and exit",
    ):
        super(_VersionAction, self).__init__(
            option_strings=option_strings,
            dest=dest,
            default=default,
            nargs=0,
            help=help,
        )
        self.version = version

    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
        version = self.version
        if version is None:
            version = parser.version
        formatter = parser._get_formatter()
        formatter.add_text(version)
        parser.exit(message=formatter.format_help())
        return


class _SubParsersAction(Action):

    class _ChoicesPseudoAction(Action):

        def __init__(self, name, help):
            sup = super(_SubParsersAction._ChoicesPseudoAction, self)
            sup.__init__(option_strings=[], dest=name, help=help)

    def __init__(
            self,
            option_strings,
            prog,
            parser_class,
            dest=SUPPRESS,
            help=None,
            metavar=None):
        self._prog_prefix = prog
        self._parser_class = parser_class
        self._name_parser_map = _collections.OrderedDict()
        self._choices_actions = []
        super(_SubParsersAction, self).__init__(
            option_strings=option_strings,
            dest=dest,
            nargs=PARSER,
            choices=self._name_parser_map,
            help=help,
            metavar=metavar,
        )

    def add_parser(self, name, **kwargs):
        if kwargs.get("prog") is None:
            kwargs["prog"] = "%s %s" % (self._prog_prefix, name)
        if "help" in kwargs:
            help = kwargs.pop("help")
            choice_action = self._ChoicesPseudoAction(name, help)
            self._choices_actions.append(choice_action)
        parser = self._parser_class(**kwargs)
        self._name_parser_map[name] = parser
        return parser

    def _get_subactions(self):
        return self._choices_actions

    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
        parser_name = values[0]
        arg_strings = values[1:]
        if self.dest is not SUPPRESS:
            setattr(namespace, self.dest, parser_name)
        try:
            parser = self._name_parser_map[parser_name]
        except KeyError:
            tup = (parser_name, ", ".join(self._name_parser_map))
            msg = _("unknown parser %r (choices: %s)") % tup
            raise ArgumentError(self, msg)

        namespace, arg_strings = parser.parse_known_args(
            arg_strings, namespace)
        if arg_strings:
            vars(namespace).setdefault(_UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR, [])
            getattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR).extend(arg_strings)


class FileType(object):

    def __init__(self, mode="r", bufsize=-1):
        self._mode = mode
        self._bufsize = bufsize

    def __call__(self, string):
        if string == "-":
            if "r" in self._mode:
                return _sys.stdin
            if "w" in self._mode:
                return _sys.stdout
            msg = _('argument "-" with mode %r') % self._mode
            raise ValueError(msg)
        try:
            return open(string, self._mode, self._bufsize)
        except IOError as e:
            message = _("can't open '%s': %s")
            raise ArgumentTypeError(message % (string, e))

    def __repr__(self):
        args = (self._mode, self._bufsize)
        args_str = ", ".join((repr(arg) for arg in args if arg != -1))
        return "%s(%s)" % (type(self).__name__, args_str)


class Namespace(_AttributeHolder):

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        for name in kwargs:
            setattr(self, name, kwargs[name])

    __hash__ = None

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return vars(self) == vars(other)

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not self == other

    def __contains__(self, key):
        return key in self.__dict__


class _ActionsContainer(object):

    def __init__(
            self,
            description,
            prefix_chars,
            argument_default,
            conflict_handler):
        super(_ActionsContainer, self).__init__()
        self.description = description
        self.argument_default = argument_default
        self.prefix_chars = prefix_chars
        self.conflict_handler = conflict_handler
        self._registries = {}
        self.register("action", None, _StoreAction)
        self.register("action", "store", _StoreAction)
        self.register("action", "store_const", _StoreConstAction)
        self.register("action", "store_true", _StoreTrueAction)
        self.register("action", "store_false", _StoreFalseAction)
        self.register("action", "append", _AppendAction)
        self.register("action", "append_const", _AppendConstAction)
        self.register("action", "count", _CountAction)
        self.register("action", "help", _HelpAction)
        self.register("action", "version", _VersionAction)
        self.register("action", "parsers", _SubParsersAction)
        self._get_handler()
        self._actions = []
        self._option_string_actions = {}
        self._action_groups = []
        self._mutually_exclusive_groups = []
        self._defaults = {}
        self._negative_number_matcher = _re.compile("^-\\d+$|^-\\d*\\.\\d+$")
        self._has_negative_number_optionals = []
        return

    def register(self, registry_name, value, object):
        registry = self._registries.setdefault(registry_name, {})
        registry[value] = object

    def _registry_get(self, registry_name, value, default=None):
        return self._registries[registry_name].get(value, default)

    def set_defaults(self, **kwargs):
        self._defaults.update(kwargs)
        for action in self._actions:
            if action.dest in kwargs:
                action.default = kwargs[action.dest]

    def get_default(self, dest):
        for action in self._actions:
            if action.dest == dest and action.default is not None:
                return action.default

        return self._defaults.get(dest, None)

    def add_argument(self, *args, **kwargs):
        chars = self.prefix_chars
        if not args or len(args) == 1 and args[0][0] not in chars:
            if args and "dest" in kwargs:
                raise ValueError("dest supplied twice for positional argument")
            kwargs = self._get_positional_kwargs(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            kwargs = self._get_optional_kwargs(*args, **kwargs)
        if "default" not in kwargs:
            dest = kwargs["dest"]
            if dest in self._defaults:
                kwargs["default"] = self._defaults[dest]
            elif self.argument_default is not None:
                kwargs["default"] = self.argument_default
        action_class = self._pop_action_class(kwargs)
        if not _callable(action_class):
            raise ValueError('unknown action "%s"' % (action_class,))
        action = action_class(**kwargs)
        type_func = self._registry_get("type", action.type, action.type)
        if not _callable(type_func):
            raise ValueError("%r is not callable" % (type_func,))
        if hasattr(self, "_get_formatter"):
            try:
                self._get_formatter()._format_args(action, None)
            except TypeError:
                raise ValueError(
                    "length of metavar tuple does not match nargs")

        return self._add_action(action)

    def add_argument_group(self, *args, **kwargs):
        group = _ArgumentGroup(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self._action_groups.append(group)
        return group

    def add_mutually_exclusive_group(self, **kwargs):
        group = _MutuallyExclusiveGroup(self, **kwargs)
        self._mutually_exclusive_groups.append(group)
        return group

    def _add_action(self, action):
        self._check_conflict(action)
        self._actions.append(action)
        action.container = self
        for option_string in action.option_strings:
            self._option_string_actions[option_string] = action

        for option_string in action.option_strings:
            if self._negative_number_matcher.match(option_string):
                if not self._has_negative_number_optionals:
                    self._has_negative_number_optionals.append(True)

        return action

    def _remove_action(self, action):
        self._actions.remove(action)

    def _add_container_actions(self, container):
        title_group_map = {}
        for group in self._action_groups:
            if group.title in title_group_map:
                msg = _("cannot merge actions - two groups are named %r")
                raise ValueError(msg % group.title)
            title_group_map[group.title] = group

        group_map = {}
        for group in container._action_groups:
            if group.title not in title_group_map:
                title_group_map[group.title] = self.add_argument_group(
                    title=group.title,
                    description=group.description,
                    conflict_handler=group.conflict_handler,
                )
            for action in group._group_actions:
                group_map[action] = title_group_map[group.title]

        for group in container._mutually_exclusive_groups:
            mutex_group = self.add_mutually_exclusive_group(
                required=group.required)
            for action in group._group_actions:
                group_map[action] = mutex_group

        for action in container._actions:
            group_map.get(action, self)._add_action(action)

    def _get_positional_kwargs(self, dest, **kwargs):
        if "required" in kwargs:
            msg = _("'required' is an invalid argument for positionals")
            raise TypeError(msg)
        if kwargs.get("nargs") not in [OPTIONAL, ZERO_OR_MORE]:
            kwargs["required"] = True
        if kwargs.get("nargs") == ZERO_OR_MORE and "default" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["required"] = True
        return dict(kwargs, dest=dest, option_strings=[])

    def _get_optional_kwargs(self, *args, **kwargs):
        option_strings = []
        long_option_strings = []
        for option_string in args:
            if option_string[0] not in self.prefix_chars:
                msg = _("invalid option string %r: must start with a character %r")
                tup = (option_string, self.prefix_chars)
                raise ValueError(msg % tup)
            option_strings.append(option_string)
            if option_string[0] in self.prefix_chars:
                if len(option_string) > 1:
                    if option_string[1] in self.prefix_chars:
                        long_option_strings.append(option_string)

        dest = kwargs.pop("dest", None)
        if dest is None:
            if long_option_strings:
                dest_option_string = long_option_strings[0]
            else:
                dest_option_string = option_strings[0]
            dest = dest_option_string.lstrip(self.prefix_chars)
            if not dest:
                msg = _("dest= is required for options like %r")
                raise ValueError(msg % option_string)
            dest = dest.replace("-", "_")
        return dict(kwargs, dest=dest, option_strings=option_strings)

    def _pop_action_class(self, kwargs, default=None):
        action = kwargs.pop("action", default)
        return self._registry_get("action", action, action)

    def _get_handler(self):
        handler_func_name = "_handle_conflict_%s" % self.conflict_handler
        try:
            return getattr(self, handler_func_name)
        except AttributeError:
            msg = _("invalid conflict_resolution value: %r")
            raise ValueError(msg % self.conflict_handler)

    def _check_conflict(self, action):
        confl_optionals = []
        for option_string in action.option_strings:
            if option_string in self._option_string_actions:
                confl_optional = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
                confl_optionals.append((option_string, confl_optional))

        if confl_optionals:
            conflict_handler = self._get_handler()
            conflict_handler(action, confl_optionals)

    def _handle_conflict_error(self, action, conflicting_actions):
        message = _("conflicting option string(s): %s")
        conflict_string = ", ".join(
            [option_string for option_string, action in conflicting_actions]
        )
        raise ArgumentError(action, message % conflict_string)

    def _handle_conflict_resolve(self, action, conflicting_actions):
        for option_string, action in conflicting_actions:
            action.option_strings.remove(option_string)
            self._option_string_actions.pop(option_string, None)
            if not action.option_strings:
                action.container._remove_action(action)

        return


class _ArgumentGroup(_ActionsContainer):

    def __init__(self, container, title=None, description=None, **kwargs):
        update = kwargs.setdefault
        update("conflict_handler", container.conflict_handler)
        update("prefix_chars", container.prefix_chars)
        update("argument_default", container.argument_default)
        super_init = super(_ArgumentGroup, self).__init__
        super_init(description=description, **kwargs)
        self.title = title
        self._group_actions = []
        self._registries = container._registries
        self._actions = container._actions
        self._option_string_actions = container._option_string_actions
        self._defaults = container._defaults
        self._has_negative_number_optionals = container._has_negative_number_optionals
        self._mutually_exclusive_groups = container._mutually_exclusive_groups

    def _add_action(self, action):
        action = super(_ArgumentGroup, self)._add_action(action)
        self._group_actions.append(action)
        return action

    def _remove_action(self, action):
        super(_ArgumentGroup, self)._remove_action(action)
        self._group_actions.remove(action)


class _MutuallyExclusiveGroup(_ArgumentGroup):

    def __init__(self, container, required=False):
        super(_MutuallyExclusiveGroup, self).__init__(container)
        self.required = required
        self._container = container

    def _add_action(self, action):
        if action.required:
            msg = _("mutually exclusive arguments must be optional")
            raise ValueError(msg)
        action = self._container._add_action(action)
        self._group_actions.append(action)
        return action

    def _remove_action(self, action):
        self._container._remove_action(action)
        self._group_actions.remove(action)


class ArgumentParser(_AttributeHolder, _ActionsContainer):

    def __init__(
        self,
        prog=None,
        usage=None,
        description=None,
        epilog=None,
        version=None,
        parents=[],
        formatter_class=HelpFormatter,
        prefix_chars="-",
        fromfile_prefix_chars=None,
        argument_default=None,
        conflict_handler="error",
        add_help=True,
    ):
        if version is not None:
            import warnings

            warnings.warn(
                'The "version" argument to ArgumentParser is deprecated. Please use "add_argument(..., action=\'version\', version="N", ...)" instead',
                DeprecationWarning,
            )
        superinit = super(ArgumentParser, self).__init__
        superinit(
            description=description,
            prefix_chars=prefix_chars,
            argument_default=argument_default,
            conflict_handler=conflict_handler,
        )
        if prog is None:
            prog = _os.path.basename(_sys.argv[0])
        self.prog = prog
        self.usage = usage
        self.epilog = epilog
        self.version = version
        self.formatter_class = formatter_class
        self.fromfile_prefix_chars = fromfile_prefix_chars
        self.add_help = add_help
        add_group = self.add_argument_group
        self._positionals = add_group(_("positional arguments"))
        self._optionals = add_group(_("optional arguments"))
        self._subparsers = None

        def identity(string):
            return string

        self.register("type", None, identity)
        default_prefix = "-" if "-" in prefix_chars else prefix_chars[0]
        if self.add_help:
            self.add_argument(
                default_prefix + "h",
                default_prefix * 2 + "help",
                action="help",
                default=SUPPRESS,
                help=_("show this help message and exit"),
            )
        if self.version:
            self.add_argument(
                default_prefix + "v",
                default_prefix * 2 + "version",
                action="version",
                default=SUPPRESS,
                version=self.version,
                help=_("show program's version number and exit"),
            )
        for parent in parents:
            self._add_container_actions(parent)
            try:
                defaults = parent._defaults
            except AttributeError:
                pass
            else:
                self._defaults.update(defaults)

        return

    def _get_kwargs(self):
        names = [
            "prog",
            "usage",
            "description",
            "version",
            "formatter_class",
            "conflict_handler",
            "add_help",
        ]
        return [(name, getattr(self, name)) for name in names]

    def add_subparsers(self, **kwargs):
        if self._subparsers is not None:
            self.error(_("cannot have multiple subparser arguments"))
        kwargs.setdefault("parser_class", type(self))
        if "title" in kwargs or "description" in kwargs:
            title = _(kwargs.pop("title", "subcommands"))
            description = _(kwargs.pop("description", None))
            self._subparsers = self.add_argument_group(title, description)
        else:
            self._subparsers = self._positionals
        if kwargs.get("prog") is None:
            formatter = self._get_formatter()
            positionals = self._get_positional_actions()
            groups = self._mutually_exclusive_groups
            formatter.add_usage(self.usage, positionals, groups, "")
            kwargs["prog"] = formatter.format_help().strip()
        parsers_class = self._pop_action_class(kwargs, "parsers")
        action = parsers_class(option_strings=[], **kwargs)
        self._subparsers._add_action(action)
        return action

    def _add_action(self, action):
        if action.option_strings:
            self._optionals._add_action(action)
        else:
            self._positionals._add_action(action)
        return action

    def _get_optional_actions(self):
        return [action for action in self._actions if action.option_strings]

    def _get_positional_actions(self):
        return [action for action in self._actions if not action.option_strings]

    def parse_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
        args, argv = self.parse_known_args(args, namespace)
        if argv:
            msg = _("unrecognized arguments: %s")
            self.error(msg % " ".join(argv))
        return args

    def parse_known_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
        if args is None:
            args = _sys.argv[1:]
        if namespace is None:
            namespace = Namespace()
        for action in self._actions:
            if action.dest is not SUPPRESS:
                if not hasattr(namespace, action.dest):
                    if action.default is not SUPPRESS:
                        default = action.default
                        if isinstance(action.default, str):
                            default = self._get_value(action, default)
                        setattr(namespace, action.dest, default)

        for dest in self._defaults:
            if not hasattr(namespace, dest):
                setattr(namespace, dest, self._defaults[dest])

        try:
            namespace, args = self._parse_known_args(args, namespace)
            if hasattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR):
                args.extend(getattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR))
                delattr(namespace, _UNRECOGNIZED_ARGS_ATTR)
            return (namespace, args)
        except ArgumentError:
            err = _sys.exc_info()[1]
            self.error(str(err))

        return

    def _parse_known_args(self, arg_strings, namespace):
        if self.fromfile_prefix_chars is not None:
            arg_strings = self._read_args_from_files(arg_strings)
        action_conflicts = {}
        for mutex_group in self._mutually_exclusive_groups:
            group_actions = mutex_group._group_actions
            for i, mutex_action in enumerate(mutex_group._group_actions):
                conflicts = action_conflicts.setdefault(mutex_action, [])
                conflicts.extend(group_actions[:i])
                conflicts.extend(group_actions[i + 1:])

        option_string_indices = {}
        arg_string_pattern_parts = []
        arg_strings_iter = iter(arg_strings)
        for i, arg_string in enumerate(arg_strings_iter):
            if arg_string == "--":
                arg_string_pattern_parts.append("-")
                for arg_string in arg_strings_iter:
                    arg_string_pattern_parts.append("A")

            else:
                option_tuple = self._parse_optional(arg_string)
                if option_tuple is None:
                    pattern = "A"
                else:
                    option_string_indices[i] = option_tuple
                    pattern = "O"
                arg_string_pattern_parts.append(pattern)

        arg_strings_pattern = "".join(arg_string_pattern_parts)
        seen_actions = set()
        seen_non_default_actions = set()

        def take_action(action, argument_strings, option_string=None):
            seen_actions.add(action)
            argument_values = self._get_values(action, argument_strings)
            if argument_values is not action.default:
                seen_non_default_actions.add(action)
                for conflict_action in action_conflicts.get(action, []):
                    if conflict_action in seen_non_default_actions:
                        msg = _("not allowed with argument %s")
                        action_name = _get_action_name(conflict_action)
                        raise ArgumentError(action, msg % action_name)

            if argument_values is not SUPPRESS:
                action(self, namespace, argument_values, option_string)

        def consume_optional(start_index):
            option_tuple = option_string_indices[start_index]
            action, option_string, explicit_arg = option_tuple
            match_argument = self._match_argument
            action_tuples = []
            while True:
                if action is None:
                    extras.append(arg_strings[start_index])
                    return start_index + 1
                if explicit_arg is not None:
                    arg_count = match_argument(action, "A")
                    chars = self.prefix_chars
                    if arg_count == 0 and option_string[1] not in chars:
                        action_tuples.append((action, [], option_string))
                        char = option_string[0]
                        option_string = char + explicit_arg[0]
                        new_explicit_arg = explicit_arg[1:] or None
                        optionals_map = self._option_string_actions
                        if option_string in optionals_map:
                            action = optionals_map[option_string]
                            explicit_arg = new_explicit_arg
                        else:
                            msg = _("ignored explicit argument %r")
                            raise ArgumentError(action, msg % explicit_arg)
                    elif arg_count == 1:
                        stop = start_index + 1
                        args = [explicit_arg]
                        action_tuples.append((action, args, option_string))
                        break
                    else:
                        msg = _("ignored explicit argument %r")
                        raise ArgumentError(action, msg % explicit_arg)
                else:
                    start = start_index + 1
                    selected_patterns = arg_strings_pattern[start:]
                    arg_count = match_argument(action, selected_patterns)
                    stop = start + arg_count
                    args = arg_strings[start:stop]
                    action_tuples.append((action, args, option_string))
                    break

            for action, args, option_string in action_tuples:
                take_action(action, args, option_string)

            return stop

        positionals = self._get_positional_actions()

        def consume_positionals(start_index):
            match_partial = self._match_arguments_partial
            selected_pattern = arg_strings_pattern[start_index:]
            arg_counts = match_partial(positionals, selected_pattern)
            for action, arg_count in zip(positionals, arg_counts):
                args = arg_strings[start_index: start_index + arg_count]
                start_index += arg_count
                take_action(action, args)

            positionals[:] = positionals[len(arg_counts):]
            return start_index

        extras = []
        start_index = 0
        if option_string_indices:
            max_option_string_index = max(option_string_indices)
        else:
            max_option_string_index = -1
        while start_index <= max_option_string_index:
            next_option_string_index = min(
                [index for index in option_string_indices if index >= start_index]
            )
            if start_index != next_option_string_index:
                positionals_end_index = consume_positionals(start_index)
                if positionals_end_index > start_index:
                    start_index = positionals_end_index
                    continue
                else:
                    start_index = positionals_end_index
            if start_index not in option_string_indices:
                strings = arg_strings[start_index:next_option_string_index]
                extras.extend(strings)
                start_index = next_option_string_index
            start_index = consume_optional(start_index)

        stop_index = consume_positionals(start_index)
        extras.extend(arg_strings[stop_index:])
        if positionals:
            self.error(_("too few arguments"))
        for action in self._actions:
            if action.required:
                if action not in seen_actions:
                    name = _get_action_name(action)
                    self.error(_("argument %s is required") % name)

        for group in self._mutually_exclusive_groups:
            if group.required:
                for action in group._group_actions:
                    if action in seen_non_default_actions:
                        break
                else:
                    names = [
                        _get_action_name(action)
                        for action in group._group_actions
                        if action.help is not SUPPRESS
                    ]
                    msg = _("one of the arguments %s is required")
                    self.error(msg % " ".join(names))

        return (namespace, extras)

    def _read_args_from_files(self, arg_strings):
        new_arg_strings = []
        for arg_string in arg_strings:
            if arg_string[0] not in self.fromfile_prefix_chars:
                new_arg_strings.append(arg_string)
            else:
                try:
                    args_file = open(arg_string[1:])
                    try:
                        arg_strings = []
                        for arg_line in args_file.read().splitlines():
                            for arg in self.convert_arg_line_to_args(arg_line):
                                arg_strings.append(arg)

                        arg_strings = self._read_args_from_files(arg_strings)
                        new_arg_strings.extend(arg_strings)
                    finally:
                        args_file.close()

                except IOError:
                    err = _sys.exc_info()[1]
                    self.error(str(err))

        return new_arg_strings

    def convert_arg_line_to_args(self, arg_line):
        return [arg_line]

    def _match_argument(self, action, arg_strings_pattern):
        nargs_pattern = self._get_nargs_pattern(action)
        match = _re.match(nargs_pattern, arg_strings_pattern)
        if match is None:
            nargs_errors = {
                None: _("expected one argument"),
                OPTIONAL: _("expected at most one argument"),
                ONE_OR_MORE: _("expected at least one argument"),
            }
            default = _("expected %s argument(s)") % action.nargs
            msg = nargs_errors.get(action.nargs, default)
            raise ArgumentError(action, msg)
        return len(match.group(1))

    def _match_arguments_partial(self, actions, arg_strings_pattern):
        result = []
        for i in range(len(actions), 0, -1):
            actions_slice = actions[:i]
            pattern = "".join(
                [self._get_nargs_pattern(action) for action in actions_slice]
            )
            match = _re.match(pattern, arg_strings_pattern)
            if match is not None:
                result.extend([len(string) for string in match.groups()])
                break

        return result

    def _parse_optional(self, arg_string):
        if not arg_string:
            return None
        elif arg_string[0] not in self.prefix_chars:
            return None
        elif arg_string in self._option_string_actions:
            action = self._option_string_actions[arg_string]
            return (action, arg_string, None)
        elif len(arg_string) == 1:
            return None
        else:
            if "=" in arg_string:
                option_string, explicit_arg = arg_string.split("=", 1)
                if option_string in self._option_string_actions:
                    action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
                    return (action, option_string, explicit_arg)
            option_tuples = self._get_option_tuples(arg_string)
            if len(option_tuples) > 1:
                options = ", ".join(
                    [
                        option_string
                        for action, option_string, explicit_arg in option_tuples
                    ]
                )
                tup = (arg_string, options)
                self.error(_("ambiguous option: %s could match %s") % tup)
            elif len(option_tuples) == 1:
                (option_tuple,) = option_tuples
                return option_tuple
            if self._negative_number_matcher.match(arg_string):
                if not self._has_negative_number_optionals:
                    return None
            if " " in arg_string:
                return None
            return (None, arg_string, None)
            return None

    def _get_option_tuples(self, option_string):
        result = []
        chars = self.prefix_chars
        if option_string[0] in chars and option_string[1] in chars:
            if "=" in option_string:
                option_prefix, explicit_arg = option_string.split("=", 1)
            else:
                option_prefix = option_string
                explicit_arg = None
            for option_string in self._option_string_actions:
                if option_string.startswith(option_prefix):
                    action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
                    tup = (action, option_string, explicit_arg)
                    result.append(tup)

        elif option_string[0] in chars and option_string[1] not in chars:
            option_prefix = option_string
            explicit_arg = None
            short_option_prefix = option_string[:2]
            short_explicit_arg = option_string[2:]
            for option_string in self._option_string_actions:
                if option_string == short_option_prefix:
                    action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
                    tup = (action, option_string, short_explicit_arg)
                    result.append(tup)
                elif option_string.startswith(option_prefix):
                    action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
                    tup = (action, option_string, explicit_arg)
                    result.append(tup)

        else:
            self.error(_("unexpected option string: %s") % option_string)
        return result

    def _get_nargs_pattern(self, action):
        nargs = action.nargs
        if nargs is None:
            nargs_pattern = "(-*A-*)"
        elif nargs == OPTIONAL:
            nargs_pattern = "(-*A?-*)"
        elif nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE:
            nargs_pattern = "(-*[A-]*)"
        elif nargs == ONE_OR_MORE:
            nargs_pattern = "(-*A[A-]*)"
        elif nargs == REMAINDER:
            nargs_pattern = "([-AO]*)"
        elif nargs == PARSER:
            nargs_pattern = "(-*A[-AO]*)"
        else:
            nargs_pattern = "(-*%s-*)" % "-*".join("A" * nargs)
        if action.option_strings:
            nargs_pattern = nargs_pattern.replace("-*", "")
            nargs_pattern = nargs_pattern.replace("-", "")
        return nargs_pattern

    def _get_values(self, action, arg_strings):
        if action.nargs not in [PARSER, REMAINDER]:
            arg_strings = [s for s in arg_strings if s != "--"]
        if not arg_strings and action.nargs == OPTIONAL:
            if action.option_strings:
                value = action.const
            else:
                value = action.default
            if isinstance(value, str):
                value = self._get_value(action, value)
                self._check_value(action, value)
        elif (
            not arg_strings
            and action.nargs == ZERO_OR_MORE
            and not action.option_strings
        ):
            if action.default is not None:
                value = action.default
            else:
                value = arg_strings
            self._check_value(action, value)
        elif len(arg_strings) == 1 and action.nargs in [None, OPTIONAL]:
            (arg_string,) = arg_strings
            value = self._get_value(action, arg_string)
            self._check_value(action, value)
        elif action.nargs == REMAINDER:
            value = [self._get_value(action, v) for v in arg_strings]
        elif action.nargs == PARSER:
            value = [self._get_value(action, v) for v in arg_strings]
            self._check_value(action, value[0])
        else:
            value = [self._get_value(action, v) for v in arg_strings]
            for v in value:
                self._check_value(action, v)

        return value

    def _get_value(self, action, arg_string):
        type_func = self._registry_get("type", action.type, action.type)
        if not _callable(type_func):
            msg = _("%r is not callable")
            raise ArgumentError(action, msg % type_func)
        try:
            result = type_func(arg_string)
        except ArgumentTypeError:
            name = getattr(action.type, "__name__", repr(action.type))
            msg = str(_sys.exc_info()[1])
            raise ArgumentError(action, msg)
        except (TypeError, ValueError):
            name = getattr(action.type, "__name__", repr(action.type))
            msg = _("invalid %s value: %r")
            raise ArgumentError(action, msg % (name, arg_string))

        return result

    def _check_value(self, action, value):
        if action.choices is not None and value not in action.choices:
            tup = (value, ", ".join(map(repr, action.choices)))
            msg = _("invalid choice: %r (choose from %s)") % tup
            raise ArgumentError(action, msg)
        return

    def format_usage(self):
        formatter = self._get_formatter()
        formatter.add_usage(
            self.usage,
            self._actions,
            self._mutually_exclusive_groups)
        return formatter.format_help()

    def format_help(self):
        formatter = self._get_formatter()
        formatter.add_usage(
            self.usage,
            self._actions,
            self._mutually_exclusive_groups)
        formatter.add_text(self.description)
        for action_group in self._action_groups:
            formatter.start_section(action_group.title)
            formatter.add_text(action_group.description)
            formatter.add_arguments(action_group._group_actions)
            formatter.end_section()

        formatter.add_text(self.epilog)
        return formatter.format_help()

    def format_version(self):
        import warnings

        warnings.warn(
            'The format_version method is deprecated -- the "version" argument to ArgumentParser is no longer supported.',
            DeprecationWarning,
        )
        formatter = self._get_formatter()
        formatter.add_text(self.version)
        return formatter.format_help()

    def _get_formatter(self):
        return self.formatter_class(prog=self.prog)

    def print_usage(self, file=None):
        if file is None:
            file = _sys.stdout
        self._print_message(self.format_usage(), file)
        return

    def print_help(self, file=None):
        if file is None:
            file = _sys.stdout
        self._print_message(self.format_help(), file)
        return

    def print_version(self, file=None):
        import warnings

        warnings.warn(
            'The print_version method is deprecated -- the "version" argument to ArgumentParser is no longer supported.',
            DeprecationWarning,
        )
        self._print_message(self.format_version(), file)

    def _print_message(self, message, file=None):
        if message:
            if file is None:
                file = _sys.stderr
            file.write(message)
        return

    def exit(self, status=0, message=None):
        if message:
            self._print_message(message, _sys.stderr)
        _sys.exit(status)

    def error(self, message):
        self.print_usage(_sys.stderr)
        self.exit(2, _("%s: error: %s\n") % (self.prog, message))