diff --git a/internal/database/milestone.go b/internal/database/milestone.go
index a7d1492e5..8f1088139 100644
--- a/internal/database/milestone.go
+++ b/internal/database/milestone.go
@@ -4,11 +4,10 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
-	log "unknwon.dev/clog/v2"
-	"xorm.io/xorm"
-
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/errors"
 	api "github.com/gogs/go-gogs-client"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	log "unknwon.dev/clog/v2"
 
 	"gogs.io/gogs/internal/conf"
 	"gogs.io/gogs/internal/errutil"
@@ -17,29 +16,30 @@ import (
 // Milestone represents a milestone of repository.
 type Milestone struct {
 	ID              int64
-	RepoID          int64 `xorm:"INDEX"`
+	RepoID          int64  `gorm:"index"`
 	Name            string
-	Content         string `xorm:"TEXT"`
-	RenderedContent string `xorm:"-" json:"-" gorm:"-"`
+	Content         string `gorm:"type:text"`
+	RenderedContent string `gorm:"-" json:"-"`
 	IsClosed        bool
 	NumIssues       int
 	NumClosedIssues int
-	NumOpenIssues   int  `xorm:"-" json:"-" gorm:"-"`
+	NumOpenIssues   int  `gorm:"-" json:"-"`
 	Completeness    int  // Percentage(1-100).
-	IsOverDue       bool `xorm:"-" json:"-" gorm:"-"`
+	IsOverDue       bool `gorm:"-" json:"-"`
 
-	DeadlineString string    `xorm:"-" json:"-" gorm:"-"`
-	Deadline       time.Time `xorm:"-" json:"-" gorm:"-"`
+	DeadlineString string    `gorm:"-" json:"-"`
+	Deadline       time.Time `gorm:"-" json:"-"`
 	DeadlineUnix   int64
-	ClosedDate     time.Time `xorm:"-" json:"-" gorm:"-"`
+	ClosedDate     time.Time `gorm:"-" json:"-"`
 	ClosedDateUnix int64
 }
 
-func (m *Milestone) BeforeInsert() {
+func (m *Milestone) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 	m.DeadlineUnix = m.Deadline.Unix()
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *Milestone) BeforeUpdate() {
+func (m *Milestone) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 	if m.NumIssues > 0 {
 		m.Completeness = m.NumClosedIssues * 100 / m.NumIssues
 	} else {
@@ -48,27 +48,22 @@ func (m *Milestone) BeforeUpdate() {
 
 	m.DeadlineUnix = m.Deadline.Unix()
 	m.ClosedDateUnix = m.ClosedDate.Unix()
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *Milestone) AfterSet(colName string, _ xorm.Cell) {
-	switch colName {
-	case "num_closed_issues":
-		m.NumOpenIssues = m.NumIssues - m.NumClosedIssues
-
-	case "deadline_unix":
-		m.Deadline = time.Unix(m.DeadlineUnix, 0).Local()
-		if m.Deadline.Year() == 9999 {
-			return
-		}
+func (m *Milestone) AfterFind(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	m.NumOpenIssues = m.NumIssues - m.NumClosedIssues
 
+	m.Deadline = time.Unix(m.DeadlineUnix, 0).Local()
+	if m.Deadline.Year() != 9999 {
 		m.DeadlineString = m.Deadline.Format("2006-01-02")
 		if time.Now().Local().After(m.Deadline) {
 			m.IsOverDue = true
 		}
-
-	case "closed_date_unix":
-		m.ClosedDate = time.Unix(m.ClosedDateUnix, 0).Local()
 	}
+
+	m.ClosedDate = time.Unix(m.ClosedDateUnix, 0).Local()
+	return nil
 }
 
 // State returns string representation of milestone status.
@@ -102,30 +97,24 @@ func (m *Milestone) APIFormat() *api.Milestone {
 }
 
 func (m *Milestone) CountIssues(isClosed, includePulls bool) int64 {
-	sess := x.Where("milestone_id = ?", m.ID).And("is_closed = ?", isClosed)
+	query := db.Model(new(Issue)).Where("milestone_id = ? AND is_closed = ?", m.ID, isClosed)
 	if !includePulls {
-		sess.And("is_pull = ?", false)
+		query = query.Where("is_pull = ?", false)
 	}
-	count, _ := sess.Count(new(Issue))
+	var count int64
+	query.Count(&count)
 	return count
 }
 
 // NewMilestone creates new milestone of repository.
 func NewMilestone(m *Milestone) (err error) {
-	sess := x.NewSession()
-	defer sess.Close()
-	if err = sess.Begin(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	return db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		if err := tx.Create(m).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
-	if _, err = sess.Insert(m); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if _, err = sess.Exec("UPDATE `repository` SET num_milestones = num_milestones + 1 WHERE id = ?", m.RepoID); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return sess.Commit()
+		return tx.Exec("UPDATE `repository` SET num_milestones = num_milestones + 1 WHERE id = ?", m.RepoID).Error
+	})
 }
 
 var _ errutil.NotFound = (*ErrMilestoneNotExist)(nil)
@@ -147,74 +136,73 @@ func (ErrMilestoneNotExist) NotFound() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-func getMilestoneByRepoID(e Engine, repoID, id int64) (*Milestone, error) {
-	m := &Milestone{
-		ID:     id,
-		RepoID: repoID,
-	}
-	has, err := e.Get(m)
+func getMilestoneByRepoID(e *gorm.DB, repoID, id int64) (*Milestone, error) {
+	m := &Milestone{}
+	err := e.Where("id = ? AND repo_id = ?", id, repoID).First(m).Error
 	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil, ErrMilestoneNotExist{args: map[string]any{"repoID": repoID, "milestoneID": id}}
+		}
 		return nil, err
-	} else if !has {
-		return nil, ErrMilestoneNotExist{args: map[string]any{"repoID": repoID, "milestoneID": id}}
 	}
 	return m, nil
 }
 
 // GetWebhookByRepoID returns the milestone in a repository.
 func GetMilestoneByRepoID(repoID, id int64) (*Milestone, error) {
-	return getMilestoneByRepoID(x, repoID, id)
+	return getMilestoneByRepoID(db, repoID, id)
 }
 
 // GetMilestonesByRepoID returns all milestones of a repository.
 func GetMilestonesByRepoID(repoID int64) ([]*Milestone, error) {
 	miles := make([]*Milestone, 0, 10)
-	return miles, x.Where("repo_id = ?", repoID).Find(&miles)
+	return miles, db.Where("repo_id = ?", repoID).Find(&miles).Error
 }
 
 // GetMilestones returns a list of milestones of given repository and status.
 func GetMilestones(repoID int64, page int, isClosed bool) ([]*Milestone, error) {
 	miles := make([]*Milestone, 0, conf.UI.IssuePagingNum)
-	sess := x.Where("repo_id = ? AND is_closed = ?", repoID, isClosed)
+	query := db.Where("repo_id = ? AND is_closed = ?", repoID, isClosed)
 	if page > 0 {
-		sess = sess.Limit(conf.UI.IssuePagingNum, (page-1)*conf.UI.IssuePagingNum)
+		query = query.Limit(conf.UI.IssuePagingNum).Offset((page - 1) * conf.UI.IssuePagingNum)
 	}
-	return miles, sess.Find(&miles)
+	return miles, query.Find(&miles).Error
 }
 
-func updateMilestone(e Engine, m *Milestone) error {
-	_, err := e.ID(m.ID).AllCols().Update(m)
-	return err
+func updateMilestone(e *gorm.DB, m *Milestone) error {
+	return e.Model(m).Where("id = ?", m.ID).Updates(m).Error
 }
 
 // UpdateMilestone updates information of given milestone.
 func UpdateMilestone(m *Milestone) error {
-	return updateMilestone(x, m)
+	return updateMilestone(db, m)
 }
 
-func countRepoMilestones(e Engine, repoID int64) int64 {
-	count, _ := e.Where("repo_id=?", repoID).Count(new(Milestone))
+func countRepoMilestones(e *gorm.DB, repoID int64) int64 {
+	var count int64
+	e.Model(new(Milestone)).Where("repo_id = ?", repoID).Count(&count)
 	return count
 }
 
 // CountRepoMilestones returns number of milestones in given repository.
 func CountRepoMilestones(repoID int64) int64 {
-	return countRepoMilestones(x, repoID)
+	return countRepoMilestones(db, repoID)
 }
 
-func countRepoClosedMilestones(e Engine, repoID int64) int64 {
-	closed, _ := e.Where("repo_id=? AND is_closed=?", repoID, true).Count(new(Milestone))
-	return closed
+func countRepoClosedMilestones(e *gorm.DB, repoID int64) int64 {
+	var count int64
+	e.Model(new(Milestone)).Where("repo_id = ? AND is_closed = ?", repoID, true).Count(&count)
+	return count
 }
 
 // CountRepoClosedMilestones returns number of closed milestones in given repository.
 func CountRepoClosedMilestones(repoID int64) int64 {
-	return countRepoClosedMilestones(x, repoID)
+	return countRepoClosedMilestones(db, repoID)
 }
 
 // MilestoneStats returns number of open and closed milestones of given repository.
 func MilestoneStats(repoID int64) (open, closed int64) {
-	open, _ = x.Where("repo_id=? AND is_closed=?", repoID, false).Count(new(Milestone))
+	db.Model(new(Milestone)).Where("repo_id = ? AND is_closed = ?", repoID, false).Count(&open)
 	return open, CountRepoClosedMilestones(repoID)
 }
 
@@ -227,26 +215,19 @@ func ChangeMilestoneStatus(m *Milestone, isClosed bool) (err error) {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	sess := x.NewSession()
-	defer sess.Close()
-	if err = sess.Begin(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	return db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		m.IsClosed = isClosed
+		if err := updateMilestone(tx, m); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
-	m.IsClosed = isClosed
-	if err = updateMilestone(sess, m); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	repo.NumMilestones = int(countRepoMilestones(sess, repo.ID))
-	repo.NumClosedMilestones = int(countRepoClosedMilestones(sess, repo.ID))
-	if _, err = sess.ID(repo.ID).AllCols().Update(repo); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return sess.Commit()
+		repo.NumMilestones = int(countRepoMilestones(tx, repo.ID))
+		repo.NumClosedMilestones = int(countRepoClosedMilestones(tx, repo.ID))
+		return tx.Model(repo).Where("id = ?", repo.ID).Updates(repo).Error
+	})
 }
 
-func changeMilestoneIssueStats(e *xorm.Session, issue *Issue) error {
+func changeMilestoneIssueStats(e *gorm.DB, issue *Issue) error {
 	if issue.MilestoneID == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -270,20 +251,12 @@ func changeMilestoneIssueStats(e *xorm.Session, issue *Issue) error {
 // ChangeMilestoneIssueStats updates the open/closed issues counter and progress
 // for the milestone associated with the given issue.
 func ChangeMilestoneIssueStats(issue *Issue) (err error) {
-	sess := x.NewSession()
-	defer sess.Close()
-	if err = sess.Begin(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err = changeMilestoneIssueStats(sess, issue); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return sess.Commit()
+	return db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		return changeMilestoneIssueStats(tx, issue)
+	})
 }
 
-func changeMilestoneAssign(e *xorm.Session, issue *Issue, oldMilestoneID int64) error {
+func changeMilestoneAssign(e *gorm.DB, issue *Issue, oldMilestoneID int64) error {
 	if oldMilestoneID > 0 {
 		m, err := getMilestoneByRepoID(e, issue.RepoID, oldMilestoneID)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -297,7 +270,9 @@ func changeMilestoneAssign(e *xorm.Session, issue *Issue, oldMilestoneID int64)
 
 		if err = updateMilestone(e, m); err != nil {
 			return err
-		} else if _, err = e.Exec("UPDATE `issue_user` SET milestone_id = 0 WHERE issue_id = ?", issue.ID); err != nil {
+		}
+		
+		if err = e.Exec("UPDATE `issue_user` SET milestone_id = 0 WHERE issue_id = ?", issue.ID).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -317,7 +292,9 @@ func changeMilestoneAssign(e *xorm.Session, issue *Issue, oldMilestoneID int64)
 
 		if err = updateMilestone(e, m); err != nil {
 			return err
-		} else if _, err = e.Exec("UPDATE `issue_user` SET milestone_id = ? WHERE issue_id = ?", m.ID, issue.ID); err != nil {
+		}
+		
+		if err = e.Exec("UPDATE `issue_user` SET milestone_id = ? WHERE issue_id = ?", m.ID, issue.ID).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -329,18 +306,11 @@ func changeMilestoneAssign(e *xorm.Session, issue *Issue, oldMilestoneID int64)
 
 // ChangeMilestoneAssign changes assignment of milestone for issue.
 func ChangeMilestoneAssign(doer *User, issue *Issue, oldMilestoneID int64) (err error) {
-	sess := x.NewSession()
-	defer sess.Close()
-	if err = sess.Begin(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err = changeMilestoneAssign(sess, issue, oldMilestoneID); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err = sess.Commit(); err != nil {
-		return errors.Newf("commit: %v", err)
+	err = db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		return changeMilestoneAssign(tx, issue, oldMilestoneID)
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Newf("transaction: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	var hookAction api.HookIssueAction
@@ -394,26 +364,21 @@ func DeleteMilestoneOfRepoByID(repoID, id int64) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	sess := x.NewSession()
-	defer sess.Close()
-	if err = sess.Begin(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	return db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		if err := tx.Where("id = ?", m.ID).Delete(new(Milestone)).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
-	if _, err = sess.ID(m.ID).Delete(new(Milestone)); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+		repo.NumMilestones = int(countRepoMilestones(tx, repo.ID))
+		repo.NumClosedMilestones = int(countRepoClosedMilestones(tx, repo.ID))
+		if err := tx.Model(repo).Where("id = ?", repo.ID).Updates(repo).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
-	repo.NumMilestones = int(countRepoMilestones(sess, repo.ID))
-	repo.NumClosedMilestones = int(countRepoClosedMilestones(sess, repo.ID))
-	if _, err = sess.ID(repo.ID).AllCols().Update(repo); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if _, err = sess.Exec("UPDATE `issue` SET milestone_id = 0 WHERE milestone_id = ?", m.ID); err != nil {
-		return err
-	} else if _, err = sess.Exec("UPDATE `issue_user` SET milestone_id = 0 WHERE milestone_id = ?", m.ID); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return sess.Commit()
+		if err := tx.Exec("UPDATE `issue` SET milestone_id = 0 WHERE milestone_id = ?", m.ID).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		
+		return tx.Exec("UPDATE `issue_user` SET milestone_id = 0 WHERE milestone_id = ?", m.ID).Error
+	})
 }